References and Citations

All Spren results and recommendations are based on published clinical research and established public health guidelines. Below are examples:

Body fat percentages and reference ranges by demographic (American College of Sports Medicine)

• https://www.acsm.org/docs/default-source/publications-files/getp10_tables-4-4-4-5-updated.pdf

Body mass index reference ranges and supportive literature (Centers for Disease Control)

• https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/adult-defining.html

Limitations of body mass index, plus alternatives like body fat percent

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7268097/#

Fat mass and lean mass indices and reference ranges

• https://www.nature.com/articles/0802037.epdf?no_publisher_access=1&r3_referer=nature
• https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0007038
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28388669/

Recommendations and public health guidelines based on clinical body composition assessment

• https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/8/2493
• https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/a-healthy-lifestyle---who-recommendations

Reference ranges for android and gynoid fat mass, ratios and other fat containers

• https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2017-2018/DXXAG_J.htm
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28388669/

Resting metabolic rate reference ranges

• https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/80/5/1379/4690446